[PHP] sprintf 형식화한 문자열을 반환합니다...

string sprintf ( string format [, mixed args])

포맷 문자열 format에 따라 생성한 문자열을 반환합니다.

포맷 문자열은 0개 이상의 지시어를 조합합니다: 일반 문자는 (%을 제외하고) 결과에 그대로 복사하고, 변환 특정어는 각각의 인자로 교체한 결과를 가집니다. 이는 sprintf()와 printf()에 모두 적용됩니다.

각각의 변환 특정어는 퍼센트 기호(%)에 다음의 요소들이 붙어서 구성됩니다:

1. 선택적인 패딩 지정어는 적합한 문자열의 크기를 얻기 위한 패딩에 사용하는 문자를 지정합니다. 이는 스페이스 문자나 0 (제로 문자)일 수 있습니다. 기본값은 스페이스로 채웁니다. 다른 패딩 문자는 작은 따옴표(')를 앞에 붙여서 지정할 수 있습니다. 아래의 예제를 참고하십시오.

2. 선택적인 정렬 지정어는 결과를 왼쪽 정렬할지, 오른쪽 정렬할 지를 결정합니다. 기본값은 오른쪽 정렬입니다; 여기에 - 문자를 사용하면 왼쪽 정렬이 됩니다.

3. 선택적인 수, 너비 지정어는 얼마나 많은 문자(최소한)가 결과에 들어갈지를 결정합니다.

4. 선택적인 정밀도 지정어는 부동 소수점 실수에서 얼마나 많은 소수점 아래의 수를 표시할지를 결정합니다. 이 옵션은 float형 이외에는 영향을 주지 않습니다. (수를 포맷하는 다른 유용한 함수에는 number_format()이 존재합니다.)

5. 형 지정어는 인자 데이터를 어떤 형으로 취급할지 결정합니다. 가능한 형은:

   % - 퍼센트 문자. 인자는 필요하지 않습니다.

   b - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, 2진수로 표현합니다.

   c - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, ASCII 값에 해당하는 문자로 표현합니다.

   d - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, (부호 있는) 10진수로 표현합니다.

   u - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, 부호 없는 10진수로 표현합니다.

   f - 인자를 float로 취급하고, 실수로 표현합니다.

   o - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, 8진수로 표현합니다.

   s - 인자를 문자열로 취급하고 표현합니다.

   x - 인자를 정수로 취급하고 16진수(소문자 표시)로 표현합니다.

   X - 인자를 정수로 취급하고, 16진수(대문자 표시)로 표현합니다.

PHP 4.0.6부터 포맷 문자열은 인자 넘버링/교환을 지원합니다. 다음은 예제입니다:

예 1. 인자 교환 <?php $format = "There are %d monkeys in the %s"; printf($format, $num, $location); ?>

이는 "There are 5 monkeys in the tree"를 출력할 것입니다. 그러나, 국제화를 위해서 포맷 문자열을 별도의 파일로 작성하고, 이것을 다음과 같이 재작성했다고 생각해봅시다:

예 2. 인자 교환 <?php $format = "The %s contains %d monkeys"; printf($format, $num, $location); ?>

문제가 생겼습니다. 포맷 문자열에서의 순서와 코드에서 인자의 순서가 일치하지 않습니다. 여기서 코드를 수정하지 않고, 단순히 포맷 문자열에 어떤 인자를 가져올지를 지정할 수 있습니다. 포맷 문자열을 다음과 같이 작성하면 됩니다:

예 3. 인자 교환 <?php $format = "The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys"; printf($format, $num, $location); ?>

코드에 많은 인자를 추가하지 않고도 반복해서 출력할 수 있다는 추가적인 장점이 존재합니다. 예를 들면:

예 4. 인자 교환 <?php $format = "The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys.            That's a nice %2\$s full of %1\$d monkeys."; printf($format, $num, $location); ?>

참고: printf(), sscanf(), fscanf(), vsprintf(), number_format().

예제

예 5. sprintf(): 제로로 채운 정수 <?php $isodate = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d", $year, $month, $day); ?>

예 6. sprintf(): 통화 표현하기 <?php $money1 = 68.75; $money2 = 54.35; $money = $money1 + $money2; // echo $money 는 "123.1"를 출력합니다; $formatted = sprintf("%01.2f", $money); // echo $formatted 는 "123.10"를 출력합니다. ?>

sprintf

 

rex
16-Jun-2004 03:47

Note, if you are just looking for something to pad out a string consider str_pad.

From testing, it seems faster and was more intuitive to use (for example, making it pad the begining or end of a string... with sprintf you would have to use negative indexes)

php at sharpdreams dot com
09-May-2004 03:13

Note that when using the argument swapping, you MUST number every argument, otherwise sprintf gets confused. This only happens if you use number arguments first, then switch to a non-numbered, and then back to a numbered one.

<?php
$sql = sprintf( "select * from %1\$s left join %2\$s on( %1\$s.id = %2\$s.midpoint ) where %1\$s.name like '%%%s%%' and %2\$s.tagname is not null", "table1", "table2", "bob" );
// Wont work:
// Sprintf will complain about not enough arguments.
$sql = sprintf( "select * from %1\$s left join %2\$s on( %1\$s.id = %2\$s.midpoint ) where %1\$s.name like '%%%3\$s%%' and %2\$s.tagname is not null", "table1", "table2", "bob" );
// Will work: note the %3\$s
?>

tobias at silverxnet dot de
17-Apr-2004 08:09

Regarding the previous posting:
I just wanted to give an explanation. This should be because the float to string / integer to string conversion (you are using a string, multiplying it with a float value what php automatically causes to convert the string to a float value). This is a general "problem" (or not), but not that hard to explain.
Where an integer or float starts with 0, in a string it does obviously with 1. So if you are using a string your value will increase by one (You started with a string, so it does not increase but contain the real result. If you start using a float value by not using '' around the value, you have to output the float value as well. This is just the PHP conversion.)

Try putting
$x = strval( $x );
after
$x = $x * 100;
and using your example again. You will see that the output will change to 13664 = 13664 because of the general string conversion. It seems that PHP is converting a float to a string by inceasing by one. By doing the same with intval instead of strval the output changes to 13663 = 13663.

! sprintf seems to behave wrong when using the conversation to an integer value and NOT doing the conversation at all. So use intval to convert to an integer value or strval to convert to a string value BEFORE using sprintf. This should be solving the problems.

kekec at kukac dot hu
29-Mar-2004 11:16

A really working one:
<?php
function cutzero($value) {
   return preg_replace("/(\.?)0+$/", "", $value);
}
?>

06-Mar-2004 12:54

both of your cut-zero functions are just way too complicated. if it's a string where only the zeros at the end should be truncated, why not use a syntax as simple as rtrim("4.7000","0") ?

martin at schwedes dot com
10-Jul-2003 04:45

decision within sprintf:

$a = "today";
$b = sprintf('This is %s', $a=='today' ? 'today':'not today');
echo $b;
// result: This is today

Rene dot Leonhardt at agritec24 dot com
16-May-2003 11:02

Your cutzero function could be faster ;-)
   return (double)$value;

But if you must have a function:
   return preg_replace('/0+$/', '', $value);

kouber at php dot net
08-May-2003 03:55

If you want to cut all the zeros off the end of a float, but not losing any sensitive information, use this:

<?
function cutzero($value) {
   return preg_replace("/(\.\d+?)0+$/", "$1", $value)*1;
}
?>

Some examples:

<?
cutzero("4.7600");    // returns 4.76
cutzero("4.7604")      // returns 4.7604
cutzero("4.7000");    // returns 4.7
cutzero("4.0000");    // returns 4
?>

retestro_REMOVE at SPAM_esperanto dot org dot il
01-Mar-2003 08:59

Pay attention, that PHP's printf() and sprintf() do NOT support special flags, as the '+' one (makes a sign appear before the number, regardless of whether it's negative or positive).
It took me a while to figure that out: you have to write it yourself...

use something similar to the following

($value >= 0) ? printf('+%d', $value) : printf('%d', $value);

info at nospam dot webtip dot dk
18-Feb-2003 07:06

If you want to format a phonenumber with spaces, use chunk_split() which splits a string into smaller chunks. It's much simpler than using sprintf.

$phone = "12345678";

chunk_split ($phone, 2);

will return 12 34 56 78

moritz dot geselle at invision-team dot de
03-Dec-2002 04:52

a little note to the argument swapping examples which took me a while to get:
if you use single quotes for the format string (like you should do, since there aren't any variable conversions to do as long as you don't need any special chars), the given examples won't work because of the backslash before the $ (needs to be escaped in double quoted strings - but not in single quoted!)

so this:

$format = "The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys";
printf($format,$num,$location);

with a single quoted format string would look like this:

$format = 'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys';
printf($format,$num,$location);

(no escapes)

I hope that helps to avoid confusion ;)

no dot email dot address at example dot com
16-Sep-2002 07:29

Using argument swapping in sprintf() with gettext: Let's say you've written the following scripｔ:

<?php
$var = sprintf(gettext("The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys"), 2, "cage");
?>

Now you run xgettext in order to generate a .po file. The .po file will then look like this:

#: file.php:9
#, ycp-format
msgid "The %2\\$s contains %1\\$d monkeys"
msgstr ""

Notice how an extra backslash has been added by xgettext.

Once you've translated the string, you must remove all backslashes from the ID string as well as the translation, so the po file will look like this:

#: file.php:9
#, ycp-format
msgid "The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys"
msgstr "Der er %1$d aber i %2$s"

Now run msgfmt to generate the .mo file, restart Apache to remove the gettext cache if necessary, and you're off.

abiltcliffe at bigfoot.com
11-Sep-2002 12:01

To jrust at rustyparts.com, note that if you're using a double-quoted string and *don't* escape the dollar sign with a backslash, $s and $d will be interpreted as variable references. The backslash isn't part of the format specifier itself but you do need to include it when you write the format string (unless you use single quotes).

Andrew dot Wright at spamsux dot atnf dot csiro dot au
03-Jul-2002 03:22

An error in my last example:
$b = sprintf("%30.s", $a);
will only add enough spaces before $a to pad the spaces + strlen($a) to 30 places.

My method of centering fixed text in a 72 character width space is:

$a = "Some string here";
$lwidth = 36; // 72/2
$b = sprintf("%".($lwidth + round(strlen($a)/2)).".s", $a);

eden_zero_x at hotmail dot com
27-Jun-2002 03:05

Well I came up with this one, extremely simple. instead of writing <span class="class">hello</a>
you can write: print class('class','hello'); using sprintf
-----------------------------
function class_ ($class, $text=false)
 {
   return sprintf ("<span class=\"%s\">%s</span>",
       $class,
       ($text ? $text : $class)
   );
 }
-----------------------------

shgyn at binabakti dot or dot id
01-Jun-2002 08:57

Previously submitted sci() function to get scientific representation of a number is not working with 0 and negative numbers. So, here is the modified version:

function sci($x, $d=-1) {
   $min=($x<0)?"-":"";
   $x=abs($x); 
   $e=floor(($x!=0)?log10($x):0);
   $x*=pow(10,-$e);
   $fmt=($d>=0)?".".$d:"";
   $e=($e>=0)?"+".sprintf("%02d",$e):"-".sprintf("%02d",-$e);
   return sprintf("$min%".$fmt."fe%s",$x,$e);
}

fuchschr at surfeu dot at
20-Feb-2002 10:54

To have a string with leading zeros use this:
$string_i = sprintf("%04s",$value)

Gives you an output with leading zeros and 4 digits.
i.e.
0001
0002
...
0010
an so on

cv at corbach dot de
10-Feb-2002 09:36

To make radu.rendec@ines.ro's excellent function work on signed numbers you must change the first line to:

$e = floor(log10(abs($x)));

radu dot rendec at ines dot ro
09-Jan-2002 08:49

The 'e' format specifier is not documented. However, it seems to work, but without showing the exponential part of the number.

This is a function to get the scientific representation of a number:

function sci($x, $d=-1) {
   $e=floor(log10($x));
   $x*=pow(10,-$e);
   $fmt=($d>=0)?".".$d:"";
   $e=($e>=0)?"+".sprintf("%02d",$e):"-".sprintf("%02d",-$e);
   return sprintf("%".$fmt."fe%s",$x,$e);
}

It takes the number as the first parameter and the precision as the second. The precision is optional. The default precision for the 'f' format specifier is used if no precision is specified.

anqmb(at)yahoo.co.jp
05-Dec-2001 06:51

Watch out the mysterious rounding rule.
<?php
$a = 4.5;
$b = sprintf("%d",$a);
$c = 4.5;
$d = sprintf("%.0f",$c);
$e = 0.45;
$f = sprintf("%.1f",$e);
print ("$b,$d,$f\n");
?>

The code above prints "4,5,0.5".
(Perl version prints "4,4,0.5".)

keeper at odi dot com dot br
27-Nov-2001 11:26

Took me a while to find this out.
hope will save someones time.
IT ADD A CARACRER TO THE END OF A STRING

$x = sprintf("%'x-10s", "a");
echo $x;

target_rex at hotmail dot com
15-Apr-2001 08:20

$a = 5;
// $a is a int
echo $5;
// Outputs:"5";
// If you would like to print $a as a bin,(101) like: 00000101 (8 digits)
sprintf("%8b", $a) // Witch returns exatly 00000101 (8 digits)

// My function looked like:
  //////////////////////////////////////////
  // By DrRex - www.DrRex.dk - 15/04-2001 //
  // string bin(int dec)                  //
  //////////////////////////////////////////
  function bin($dec){
   $bin = sprintf("%8b", $dec);
   return $bin;
  }
  //////////////////////////////////////////

// Very short exampels how to use bin()

  echo "\n1. 128(10) == ".bin(128)."(2)";

  $hits = 100;
  echo "\n2. Loaded ".bin($hits)."(2) times! Bib!";

// Not very usefull, nobody understands the number, exept if small counters like this one. If it wasn't 8(2) but FFFFFF(16) digits. I would give up...

// This would output:
  1. 128(10) == 10000000(2)
  2. Loaded 01100100(2) times! Bib!

-------------------------------------------------
Greetings from Christiania, Copenhagen, Denmark!
All code by DrRex
www.DrRex.dk

ruptured at ditzed dot org
13-Apr-2001 07:45

presumably, if you wanted to fill out a HTML line with space, you could use:

$fill = " "; // what to fill
$digits = sprintf ("%'{$fill}d", $digit);

(oh, thanks to whoever above who I just copy and pasted these lines from).

=ruptured=

tjchamberlain.hotmail@com
26-Mar-2001 01:16

It is worth noting that "%5.2f" will result in a string 8 characters long (5 then the '.' then 2), not 5 characters as you might expect.

prolixmp3 at navigators dot lv
24-Mar-2001 12:55

If you are going to create a counter which uses _symbols_ before actual digits (see, f.e., SpyLog.com counters - they are filling space with "." before, so the count like 12345 looks like "........12345"), you can use the following:

$txt = "Abracadabra"; // actual string
$fit = 16; // how many digits to use
$fill = "."; // what to fill
$digits = sprintf ("%'{$fill}{$fit}s", $txt);

Paul (a.k.a. Mr.Prolix)

eblade at blackmagik dot dynup dot net
15-Mar-2001 02:55

as far as centering a string within a field size goes:

sprintf("%-=75s", $str);

voudras at nospam dot swiftslayer dot org
17-Nov-2000 08:58

Little note about sprintf and its ilk.
if you attempt something like
$string = "dingy%sflem%dwombat";
$nbr = 5;
$name = "voudras";

$msg = sprintf("%d $string %s", $nbr, $name);

sprintf will complain about a lack in the number of arguments, this would be because of the %'s in the actual string. This can be a great benifit, but is also rather confusing if you dont realize this feature, and are passing questionable variables to sprintf (for, say perhaps logging). one way around this is using
ereg_replace("%","%%", $string); before
sending it off to sprintf. This is actually how i came across this as a problem - i had realized some time ago that i would have to test my $string for
%'s, but when running the %->%% replacement on a very large serialized object, my application timed out.
   My solution was to use
sprintf("%d %s %s", $nbr, $string, $name);
but, there was a reason i originally had done this the other way - i suppose i'll find out soon enough

gherson (at) snet.net
18-Sep-2000 01:23

My attempt at a syntax summary in BNF:
%[ |0|'character][-][number][.number]type.
  Type is one of % (none), b (binary*), c (char*), d (int), f (double), o (octal*), s (string), x (hex*)  *Treated as integers.

paolini at kahuna dot sdsu dot edu
14-Apr-1999 02:12

Hey folks, don't forget to prefix a precision specifier with a period '.'!
Thus, to print a floating point number,
say $x, with two digits after the decimal point you would write:

printf( "%.2f", $x ); 

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